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If your web site only has ten destinations, then you can put a descriptive link for each on the home page, without much thought to organization, and your visitors are likely to find everything available on the site. But, as the number of destinations grows, so does the difficulty for the visitor finding the one she is after on this visit. As the size and sophistication of the web site increases, the need to address multiple visitor objectives begins to eclipse the importance of any single destination.

A number of tools and techniques for optimizing visitor success given multiple objectives are available from the field of information architecture. However, even using these techniques, every complex web site still could be organized in many different ways. There is no a priori best navigation architecture for any site.

Effective navigation architectures arise from a combination of the site owners’ business objectives for the web site and the visitors’ motivations and expectations for visiting. This means that the destination business owners cannot abdicate the web site design to experts and receive back an effective web site. They need to set the business objectives and manage the visitor expectations for the web site, then effectively communicate those requirements to the design experts.

Fortunately, business owners do not need to become technical or design experts to do this. However, they do need to understand the role the web site plays, or can play, in the business relationship with the customer. Experienced business owners already know eighty percent of the basics from their existing knowledge of their business and their customers. This should form the starting point for aligning the web site design with the business requirements.

Identify All the Objectives

One basic principle from marketing and business needs to be brought forward because the web as a medium amplifies its importance. Roles are different than visitors. A single visitor often assumes different roles on different visits to the web site.

As an example, a visitor might go to the Sears web site on one visit looking to buy a digital camera online. On another visit, the objective might be to find the location and hours of nearby physical stores. On yet another visit the objective might be to find and purchase online a replacement vacuum cleaner wheel for one that broke. In this example, the same visitor comes to the site in different roles, for different reasons, each time seeking a different destination.

For the site to be successful, the business owners must explicitly identify all the key roles the site will support. These should be aligned explicitly with the overall business and business objectives. For less complex sites in smaller organizations and for destination owners, identifying the key roles and aligning them with business objectives is a manageable process.

For very large sites and companies, identifying all the key roles and aligning them with business objectives can be a daunting task. However, adopting a federated model with appropriate process integration allows distribution of the task along business lines and makes the effort manageable.

One technique for identifying key roles and matching them to the business objectives is to start with the standard customer cycle used in traditional marketing:

For each of these stages in the cycle, determine if the web site can or currently does add value to the customer relationship. This process helps identify and organize many current and potential roles for the web site. Each of these roles will have at least one key scenario that describes a visitor objective in the context of its motivation and expectations.

Balancing Multiple Visitor Objectives on a Web Site

It is important to recognize that a scenario defines a path for a single role. It does not define the web site. The web site must support all of the identified roles and scenarios. Once the visitor objectives are defined as roles and scenarios they need to be translated into the major elements of the navigation architecture.

Identification of the destinations, categories, paths and landmarks for the web site should be driven by the business owners and given to the designers and developers as part of the design specification. There are a number of additional techniques to help business owners through the process of balancing multiple visitor objectives on a web site while explicitly aligning those objectives with business goals.